The stomach contains gastric glands that secrete mucus, hydrochloric acid and pepsin.The movement of the food inside the oesophagus occurs via rhythmic contraction of muscles, this is known as peristalsis. The food then passes via the oesophagus into the stomach.Saliva contains an important enzyme known as the salivary enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars. The mouth contains salivary glands that secrete saliva.To break down food and absorb it, we need biological catalysts known as enzymes.Food digestion process begins in the mouth.The cavity inside the mouth is known as the oral cavity. The mouth consists of a muscular tongue and teeth. Mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal. The parts of the alimentary canal are as follows. Humans consist of the alimentary canal which starts from the mouth and ends at the anus. Undigested food is given out to a tiny pore called anal pore or cytopyge.Food digested in the food vacuole is absorbed by the cytoplasm.It moves through the cytoplasm, the process is called cyclosis.A food vacuole is created enclosing the food.
However, they have cilia that help them to engulf the food through the oral groove.Paramecium also exhibits holozoic nutrition.When the food vacuole opens to outside, the egestion of undigested food takes place.As the food vacuole passes through the cytoplasm, digestion, absorption and assimilation take place.The engulfed food gets enclosed in a food vacuole.It engulfs the food particle using pseudopodia, the process is called phagocytosis.Amoeba feeds by holozoic mode of nutrition.Parasitic nutrition is nutrition in which an organism feeds on a living host.Saprophytic nutrition is nutrition in which organisms feed on dead and decaying matter.Holozoic nutrition is a type of nutrition where an organism takes in whole food and breaks it inside the body.In this mode of nutrition, an organism is unable to synthesise its food. The stomata/stoma is surrounded by a guard cell which guards the opening and closing of stomata. Leaves contain small openings known as stomata which helps in the exchange of gases. Finally, reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.Splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen.Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.The steps of photosynthesis are as follows. They contain a green colour pigment known as chlorophyll that traps sunlight for photosynthesis. The site where photosynthesis occurs is known as chloroplast. Sunlight provides energy’, carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials and chloroplast is the site where food is made.
They make food in the presence of sunlight.
The organisms which carry out autotrophic nutrition are called autotrophs (green plants).Green plants and blue-green algae follow the autotrophic mode of nutrition. The mode of nutrition in which an organism prepares its own food is called autotrophic nutrition.Minerals and vitamins are required in small amounts and hence are called micronutrients. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are the main nutrients and are called macronutrients. Nutrients: Materials which provide nutrition to organisms are called nutrients.These raw materials are provided by nutrients. Organisms need various raw materials for growth and repair. Need for Nutrition: Organisms need the energy to perform various activities.
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